Sommali Women and Diabetes - Free Essay Example

Since the early 2000s, Maine has seen quite a substantial rise in immigrant and refugee population growth. To put it into perspective, the total population in Portland, Maine between 2000 to 2010 had increased only by 3% while the racial and ethnic minority population in Portland had increased by 80% (____). Maine has typically admitted a large percentage of its refugees from heavily Muslim populated countries like Somalia and Iraq but as of recent, with the immigrant policies and bans being enforced by the Trump administration, it has significantly lessened the numbers of people entering America overall. Nonetheless, with migration brings an increased susceptibility to chronic diseases like diabetes, especially for Somali women. Somali women The relationship between migration and diabetes can be examined through the refugee and immigrant experience of acculturation to their host country. And as a result, health-related factors like obesity, dietary acculturation, physical inactivity and lack of access or utilization of modern health services become strong causal determinants for this public health issue. On top of the predisposition to having insulin resistance many migrants in non-Western countries have risen in conditions of poverty and their bodies have been ?programmed to tackle hunger and starvation. The result is that later in life, when exposed to the obesogenic environment of the country of immigration (high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle), they are particularly prone to stock energy reserves and thereby gain weight (Montesi). This is especially true for Somali immigrants as majority of them are refugees fleeing from their country that is still amidst a civil war today. On top of this predisposition to gaining weight, adjusting their dietary habits is another main concern. The traditional Somali diet is centered around pasta, rice, other carbs, meat, camel and goat milk, and tea with a lot of sugar. Its not the most balanced diet but when combined with a more sedentary lifestyle than the lifestyle they knew in Africa, it can lead straight to obesity and diabetes. A sedentary lifestyle is common and convenient especially when the wintery Maine climate, lack of motivation and time are barriers to getting active but according to a focus group study on Somali women and their views on physical activity, these barriers in addition to tradition and religion hold Somali women back. These obstacles originate from their steadfast following of the Islamic faith. According to Somali customs, wearing revealing and skin-tight Westernized clothing when males are present is forbidden, haram. So the traditional Somali clothing for women is a full-length dress and a hijab which is difficult to get active in (Gerthi). Whether it is done deliberately or not, differences in socioeconomic status and barriers formed by the culture of medicine and healthcare in America put ethnic minorities like Somalis at a higher risk of being under-treated. And even though the probability of developing a chronic disease is higher in foreign-born individuals, they are still more likely to not have their own health insurance coverage. Plus, many believe not making use of drugs and primary care services is a cheaper and healthier alternative yet underutilization of drugs and primary care services especially for the foreign-born can be anything but cost-effective. In fact, it would most likely produce higher hospitalization rates in the long run due to disease progression and other complications. Especially with Somali immigrants, there is a clear stigma associated to trusting anything related to modern science because of their strong cultural and religious beliefs. EXPAND All in all, more efforts should be made to positively encourage screening and treatment programs, to adapt education programs to specific cultures, and to grow community engagement. The social determinants of this public health problem are related to how resources are communicated and the advantages and disadvantages to which people are exposed. Certain populations experience consistently lower health statuses than others and require more attention to understand and relieve them of their health issues. Among these, immigrants and particularly refugees constitute a large group of people who have serious needs in regards to their health. Many refugees experience extreme hardship prior to and during flight from persecution, famine and war in their country of origin and continue to experience difficulties upon resettlement in a host country, all of which seriously affect their health status. FIX: linguistic factors (lack of communication and language barriers being a determinant in immigrant health) play a significant role in the understanding and self-management of diabetes in these populations. health care professionals whose ethnic backgrounds often differ from most of their immigrant patients are frequently unaware of communication barriers that make comprehension and adherence to medical treatments very difficult for immigrant groups FIX. And once again, Refugees and immigrants of every race and religion can be found in any region of the world. They give up everything they know in fear for their lives home, belongings and loved ones for an uncertain future in an unfamiliar land.

The First Modern President Of The United States - 1069 Words

The First Modern President of the United States: Theodore D. Roosevelt Some may wonder why Theodore Roosevelt would deserve the title â€Å"the First Modern President†. He accomplished many things, and although he was liked by most, he promised he would not run a second term. In his short four years as president, Theodore Roosevelt was able to pass many acts such as: Dolliver-Hepburn Railroad Act, Extension of Forest Reserve, National Irrigation Act, Improvement of waterways and reservation of waterpower sites, Safety Appliance Act, Employers’ Liability Act, Regulation of railroad employees’ hours of labor, Establishment of Department of Commerce and Labor, Pure Food and Drugs Act, and the Federal meat inspection. Theodore Roosevelt was born†¦show more content†¦Theodore Roosevelt’s mother also died the same day in the same house, he was brokenhearted and in misery leading him to temporarily leave politics and become a cattle rancher in the Dakota s. Two years later, he married his childhood friend, Edith Kermit Carow. They had a total of five children, four boys and a girl: Theodore Ted III (1887–1944), Kermit (1889–1943), Ethel (1891–1977), Archibald (1894–1979), and Quentin (1897–1918). Before being president, Theodore Roosevelt was many things: a member of the New York State Assembly, a U.S. Civil Service Commissioner, President of the New York City Police Board, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Governor of New York, and Vice President from March-September 1901 when he succeeded to the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt became president on September 14, 1901 after President McKinley was assassinated on September 6, 1901. He was the youngest president the nation had ever had; he was 42 years old. He served through most of the first decade of the 1900’s. He was determined to build a canal across the Panama. The United States helped Panama gain its freedom from Colombia. The U.S. then ma de a treaty with Panama to gain the canal zone for $10 million including annual payments. Theodore Roosevelt was very involved in foreign policy. He added the Roosevelt Corollary to the

Safety And Quality Practices In Australian Health Care †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Safety And Quality Practices In Australian Health Care. Answer: Introduction The outcome of the paper is the thorough literature review on the safety and quality practices in Australian health care for pricing and funding arrangements undertaken by the IHPA and commission. The aim of the assignment is to discuss the four funding models defined by Egar et al. (2013) as used by the public hospitals in Australia. Further, the system of the National Efficient price is critically discussed. In this regard, it is discussed as to how this system may provide an incentive to improve the health status of any selected segment of the Australian population. Funding models The four overarching models used by public hospitals in Australia, which are identified by the literature review of IHPA and commission are- Best practice pricing Normative pricing Quality structure pricing models Payment for performance or safety and quality pricing The Best practice pricing is the model that refers to use of the car pathways that are based on strong evidence. The best solution is for treatment of the particular health condition and for which the hospitals would be paid a set fee. Based on the best evidence, the price for implementing this model of care is decided and an additional incentive is paid. There is a limited literature evaluating the efficacy of this model as this scheme represents the value for money. In England, the health care system had implemented the scheme of Best Practice Tariffs. However, there is limited conclusive evidence except for the findings from the National Hip Fracture Database of UK (Eagar et al., 2013). As per the literature review by the IHPA on this model, the best practice pricing has modest gains with methodological inadequacies as evidence based care pathways can be implemented for limited conditions. Normative pricing is the system where the price is used to influence the outcomes of delivery of care. It may be used in certain cases such as incentivising the day surgeries or when there is a need of more home care nurses, for a particular disability or illness, or where the patient seeks residential care. Substantial improvement was noted by implementing this pricing system in the radiology area. There is a lack of conclusive evidence on the use of this pricing system due to uncertainty in determining the cost of implementing the new model (Eagar et al., 2013). In the Quality structure pricing models, the pricing or funding is linked with the meeting of the accreditation standards by the health care providers, participation in the safety improvement activities, quality registries, and clinical benchmarking. The aim of this system to increase savings, however, there might be high initial cost. The pricing or the funding may be high for accredited hospitals and then the non-accredited counterparts. There is strong evidence that this kind of funding system leads to improvement in quality and safety (Eagar et al., 2013). However, it lacks the direct measuring of patient outcomes. The Payment for performance is the funding model that refers to pushing the care providers to improve the quality and safety by behaving in certain manner. The model uses financial incentives for positive clinical outcomes or disincentives for poor services. It aims to encourage the service givers to increase the quality through rewards and penalty. There is a lack of evidence on beneficial outcomes from this scheme. However, in England an advancing quality initiative was taken and the results showed improvement in quality scores and reduction in short-term in-hospital mortality. It means there were few deaths due to heart failure or pneumonia (Eagar et al., 2013). National Efficient price In Australia, the National Efficient price or NEP is used for identifying the contribution of the commonwealth to public hospital funding. In this system each hospital will be paid a fixed fee for each episode of care. As per activity based funding, the contributions determined by IHPA to be paid by the Australian government is the approximately 40% of the public hospital funding. The commonwealth contribution may be influenced if IHPA builds any incentives into the model for quality and safety. In case any hospital is in deficit then expecting the states to fund the deficit will hamper the potential of NEP to improve efficiency (Eagar et al., 2013). Based on the literature review all the above mentioned funding models lack strong evidence in regards to their efficacy in improving the quality and safety of the health care services. Considering the grey literature, I agree that NEP may not be able to provide an incentive to improve the health status of any selected segment of the Australian population to a great extent. It is difficult to determine the level at which the scheme actually work or is critical (Downie, 2015). It is because it is difficult to identify the onset of health condition. The major limitation of NEP includes misallocation of resources in cases the set price does not reflect the relative cost-effectiveness of these services. Further, each hospital will have losses if they give care above the fixed price. Consequently, it may result in patient dumping, and recruitment of more enrolled nurses (Sheridan, 2016). Further, it is doubtful that the major changes will be stimulated in the public hospitals of Australia in regards to safety and quality. It because the funding for the public hospital is not directed to specific clinical departments within the hospitals or to the specific hospitals. It means to have any effect; there is a need of delivering the incentives to a level of the clinical department. Bu there are no rewards for quality (Eagar et al., 2013). Since some hospitals in rural areas have disadvantage. Therefore, there is a need of considering the potential for regional disparities to improve the quality of the health care to a great extent (Safetyandquality.gov.au, 2017). Although the activity based funding has the potential to make the functioning of the hospitals more efficient, there are flaws in the manner the scheme is designed. There is a chance that the flaws may negatively influence the potential cost savings. Eventually it will result in ineffective funding system and poor change in the quality of care (Eagar et al., 2013). If the providers find that the incentives are substantial then they might change the care pathways or behaviour. Otherwise the chances are less that the clinicians would respond to incentives. Further, there are chances that the pricing will only affect some aspects of care (Safetyandquality.gov.au, 2017). Thus the only way the NEP can secure efficiency gains by stimulating the change behaviour of the health professionals. References Downie, J. (2015). Possible options for introducing quality aspects in Activity-Based Funding pricing.BMC health services research,15(2), A2. Eagar, K., Sansoni, J., Loggie, C., Elsworthy, A., McNamee, J., Cook, R., Grootemaat, P. (2013). A literature review on integrating quality and safety into hospital pricing systems. Safetyandquality.gov.au. (2017).Supplementary Briefing and Literature Update Integrating safety and quality into hospital pricing systems.safetyandquality.gov.au. Retrieved 12 October 2017, from https://safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Supplementary-Briefing-and-literature-update-on-pricing-for-safety-and-quality3.pdf Sheridan, J. (2016).Activity Based Funding: The implications for Australian health policy(Master's thesis, University of Sydney).

Leonardo Da Vinci Essays (820 words) - Giftedness,

Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci was born in 1452 on his father's estate in Vinci, Italy. He received his education on the estate until the age of fifteen. Which is when his father had noticed Leonardo's potential and had decided to send him to be an apprentice to the artist Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence. There he studied sculpture and the mechanical arts. This was also when he first developed an interest in anatomy. In 1472 Leonardo was accepted into the painters' guild at Florence, where he remained for the next ten years. In 1482, Leonardo was hired by the duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, to be artist and engineer in residence. During his stay in Milan, he started to compose a unified theory of the world and to illustrate it in a series of voluminous notebooks. Unfortunately due to his pursuit of scientific knowledge he had to leave many of his artistic creations unfinished. He stayed in Milan for seventeen years. There he completed six paintings: two portraits of the 'Last Supper', two versi ons of 'The Virgin of the Rocks', and a decorative ceiling painting in the Castello Sforzesco. Other paintings were either unfinished or have disappeared. In the early 1500's, Leonardo returned to his home city. In Florence, he was commissioned to do a number of paintings, but other interests and tasks kept him from finishing them. The most well known piece to survive from this time period was the famous Mona Lisa, which is now in the Louvre in Paris. For ten months during 1502, Leonardo served as military adviser and engineer. During the years 1513 to 1516, Leonardo was in Rome at the invitation of Cardinal Giuliano de' Medici, brother of Pope Leo X. Some of the greatest artists of the time were at work in Rome for the church. In May 1506 Charles d'Amboise, governor of Milan for the king of France, invited Leonardo to return to that city. His work in painting and sculpture over the next seven years remained mostly in the planning stage--in sketches that he drew but that never becam e paintings or statues--but his scientific work flourished. He continued his notebooks with observations and drawings of human anatomy, optics, mechanics, and botanical studies. He also did some sketches for a Medici residence in Florence that was never built. Otherwise he was lonely and unoccupied. Thus in 1516, at the age of 65, he accepted an invitation from Francis I, king of France, to leave Italy and work for him. Leonardo spent the last three years of his life in the palace of Cloux, near the king's residence at Amboise, near Tours. He was given the title of first painter, architect, and mechanic of the King and given freedom of action in what he wanted to do. Although there are many great works of Leonardo Da Vinci that I could have chosen, I am going to choose the most obvious, the Mona Lisa. I chose this piece because the impact it had on the world. No matter where you go in the world, everyone knows of the Mona Lisa. The picture is on stamps; shirts; posters; cup; and just about anything else you can think of. It one of the most well renowned paintings in the world. Another reason I chose this piece is because of the mystery of the painting. To this day no one knows whether the woman in the painting was a real person, or whether is was Leonardo's vision of himself as a women. Another fact which makes it even more peculiar is that Leonardo always kept a log of the models which he had used, yet there is no record of who modeled for the Mona Lisa. Leonardo Da Vinci had a very strong influence over the world, artistically as well as scientifically. Leonardo devised plans for prototypes of an airplane and a helicopter. His extensive studies of human anatomy were portrayed in anatomical drawings, were among the most significant achievements of Renaissance Science. His remarkable illustrations of the human body elevated drawing into a means of scientific investigation and exposition and provided the basic principles for modern scientific illustration. He continued his notebooks with observations and drawings of human

20 Evaluation Essay Topics Hot Issues Related to the Spatial Order in Human Visual Perception

20 Evaluation Essay Topics Hot Issues Related to the Spatial Order in Human Visual Perception Welcome to our second guide where we reveal 20 topics on the spatial order in human visual perception. These topics give you a head-start to aid in writing your essay quickly. We have also included a sample essay on the spatial order in human visual perception which will assist you in writing a better article. After reading this guide, we highly recommend that you follow up with our third piece, academic guide for evaluation essay on the spatial order in human visual perception, which states how to outline and write an evaluation essay properly. You can also revisit our first guide, 10 facts on the spatial order in human visual perception, to understand the concept better. Without further ado, here are 20 topics on the spatial order in human visual perception: How Visual Perception Works Effect of Drinking Water on the Human Eye The Ability and Significance of Perceived Depth of a Scene Why Doesn’t Our Retina Detect the Color Red Why Human Eyes Perceive an Upside Down Image Why the Retina is Front-Back Inverted How Photoreceptors Are Really Activated Why Is Peripheral Vision of the Human Eye Extremely Low Resolution What Makes a Human See So Little in Darkness Why Do Humans See Everything in â€Å"Blue† When it Is Dark Reasons Why the Brain Splits and Distorts a Visual Image in Half Is Everyone’s Visual Perception the Same or Is it Different? Why Each of Our Eyes Can’t See Different Things Simultaneously Real Benefits of Having a Pair of Eyes The Functional Architecture of Human Visual Perception The Perception of Human Spatial Order Correlation of Human Visual Perception with The Principles of Gestalt The Geometry of Human Visual Perception Order-Disorder Transition of Human Visual Perception Sensitivity of the Human Visual System to Natural Image’s Local Statistics We’ve written a sample evaluation essay on one of the above topics so you can borrow a few ideas to better carve out your essay. Spatial Order Essay Example: The Ability and Significance to Perceive Depth of a Scene Human eyes have developed the ability to see and become aware of the distance of an object – this phenomenon is known as depth perception. It starts to develop in a child who’s not more than two months old. However, it takes two eyes to develop this phenomenon. When both of these eyes look at an object, they create two images simultaneously, which are a little different from one another. Depth perception is also responsible to form an idea of length, width and height of an object. This premise functions on a subconscious level and so quickly that we are not aware of the fact that it is actually happening. However, people with one eye might find depth perception very problematic – the phenomenon works ideally in binocular disparity (two-eyed normal vision). Neurological studies, however, suggest that the human brain has the capacity to manipulate depth of a scene with monocular vision (one eyed vision) too. Depth perception is created by a process known as stereopsis. This process enables the brain to overlap two images created by our eyes that are processed with information given by parallax – an effect that creates a distinction between close and background objects by slowing down background objects rather than the objects closer to our eyes. Having monocular vision still let us experience parallax, but it’s not as good as binocular vision. Depth perception is very important to keep us safe. It is the only reason that lets us know the distance of an object or how far an object is from us. Without this phenomenon taking place in our lives, it becomes very hard to differentiate between far and close objects. For example, if a person doesn’t have proper depth perception and a car is coming in his/her direction at a velocity of 200 km/h, he/she wouldn’t know how to judge the speed of the oncoming car and how far or close it is from him/her. Poor depth perception can lead to confusion during such dire situations which leads to high fatality risks. However, since our brain can manipulate depth perception, we can train ourselves to create depth of a scene through specific exercises. Scientists actually believe that depth perception is nothing more than a pseudo-3D effect that enables us to determine length, width and height of an object; and let us know how far or close an object is to us. However, our eyes are not capable of perceiving actual three dimensions when viewing objects. If we had real 3D perception, we would have been able to see an entire 3D object at once. But having a depth perception, even if it’s a pseudo effect, is very important to performing day to day tasks without any hindrances or running into accidents. This is the end of our second guide. Next up, we have a third guide which explains how to write an evaluation essay properly – it assists you in writing the perfect evaluation essay which will no doubt be the subject of admiration by your professors. References: Paul King, 2016 â€Å"Visual Perception: What are some mind blowing facts about the human eye?† Quora  https://www.quora.com/Visual-Perception-What-are-some-mind-blowing-facts-about-the-human-eye Paul King, 2012 â€Å"Why can’t we each of our eyes to see different things simultaneously?† Quora  https://www.quora.com/Why-cant-we-control-each-of-our-eyes-to-see-different-things-simultaneously Paul King, 2016 â€Å"Why do we have two eyes?† Quora  https://www.quora.com/Why-do-we-have-two-eyes Steven Bradley, 2004 â€Å"Design Principles: Visual Perception and The Principles of Gestalt† Smashing Magazine  https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/03/design-principles-visual-perception-and-the-principles-of-gestalt/ Ãâ€"ÄŸmen, H., Herzog, M. H. (2010). The Geometry of Visual Perception: Retinotopic and Non-retinotopic Representations in the Human Visual System. Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 98(3), 479–492. http://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2009.2039028 Katkov, M., Harris, H., Sagi, D. (2015). Visual perception of order-disorder transition. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 734. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00734 Paul King, 2015 â€Å"How can we see images in our minds?† Quora  https://www.quora.com/How-can-we-see-images-in-our-minds

Threats and Opportunities of Colgate Company Coursework

Threats and Opportunities of Colgate Company - Coursework Example Colgate Company has managed to deal with the pressure of the external environment over time and this is attributed to the fact that the company has managed to stay alive in the market for the many years that it has. It was founded in 1880 and has continued to serve the world over the years. The company has had its fair share of Threats and Opportunities. It has handled its threats quite well to be able to survive to date. It has also seized all its opportunities quite effectively and hence survived in the market. One of the major opportunities that Colgate seized quite effectively is the huge market base that was unexploited. Any the time Colgate company was being coined in 1880, the world had seen very little of the oral health production industry. The world is such a wide base and in all corners of the world are individuals who have teeth that they need to take care of. Colgate Company took full advantage of this fact and set up its roots in all corners of the world. A vast unexplored market is a great opportunity for any business venture that needs to be exploited effectively. Colgate Company took full advantage of this great Opportunity that was naturally presented to it by the external environment. It employed great marketing strategies that hugely popularized its brand name Colgate. In fact, in several countries across the world, the brand name Colgate is used synonymously with the word toothpaste. One great threat that was presented by the external environment to Colgate Company is stiff competition from new coming products in the oral health industry. There are very many products that have been introduced in the industry in the resent days which have posed a great challenge to the survival of the firm. Some of these products are geared towards herbal medicine. Such products managed to convince several consumers in the market as it assured them of proper oral health care in a manner that is strictly natural and hence had no side effects absolutely. This painted the wrong impression that the products from Colgate Company were harmful to the health of the consumers as it used mainly synthetic chemical products. With the development of health concerns regarding Cancer and other lethal ailments in the world which are associated with chemical products, this posed a huge threat to the existence of Colgate Company. The company had to devise a mechanism quickly to deal with this threa t. To deal with the threat of the introduction of purportedly herbal and natural products in the oral health industry, Colgate Company came up with an ingenious idea. It made full use of its brand name popularity and introduced its own herbal products. It also introduced a whole range of contemporary and competitive products which cushioned off the external threats. The Company introduced such products as Colgate Triple action, Colgate Whitening among others. These were geared towards luring consumers to concentrate on certain effects in particular rather than the whole oral health in one package. Colgate whitening for instance was geared towards giving the consumers extra white teeth and whoever went for it would be guaranteed getting their teeth whiter than ever before. Tis gave the products of the firm a different dimension. They became less of just general oral products but more of products that are bought to fix certain specific oral concerns. With this strategy, the firm was a ble to beat hands down the threats that were posed by

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Research Proposal - Essay Example In the world of medical practice and health care, there are many complex issues than ordinarily meet the eye. The provision of care facilities involves issues to patient and subsequently to the relatives is very important. A very important tool for making sure that this has happened is the correct use of counseling. These are integral to both the well-being of both the patient and the health care provider. This paper shall endeavor to dwell upon certain areas of influence in the same realm, and help institute certain working parameters for professionals. Centuries ago, while the science of medical care was in its technical evolution stage, the prime area of reference was only the administration of health care. However, in today’s world, where the scientific world has come of age in its standing vis-Ã  -vis disease care and prevention, subsidiary issues have emerged that are considered to be of prime importance in the domain of health care. The changes in society and life all around the world have brought about considerable changes in the lifestyles of humanity. Similarly, the profession of health care has seen its development through the ages, and many additional factors like counseling concerns need to be understood better. Ethical science has always found it difficult to decide, about the extent of the information being provided to the patient. Essentially, if one would put oneself in he shoes of the patient, then one would like to receive every bit of information that is related to the medical condition. However, when one looks at the issue from the perspective of the clinician, then the need can be appreciated of withholding some information from the client, for the latter’s benefit. Where does the line of morality and ethics come here, and from where the jurisdiction of science starts, is the focus of this research. There are and always have been two